Guide dogs are service or assistance dogs trained specifically to help people with a visual impairment navigatearound. Apart from helping people navigate, they are a companion and provide a sense of freedom to the visuallyimpaired. We all might have seen a guide dog with a person, but do we know how they help the visually impaired personor handler? Do we know the intensity of training and what it takes to be a guide dog? Here are a couple of things youprobably didn’t know about guide dogs.First, not every dog is cut out to be a guide dog. They are carefully chosen for breeding with the sole purpose totrain them to be a guide dog. Most of the guide dogs originate from a carefully planned breeding program. Enormousfocus is given to the physical health and characteristics like intelligence, good temperament, stability and willingness towork. It is a known fact that when puppies are screened, only about 70% make the cut.In addition, the training period for a guide dog from the time of its birth is anywhere between 15-18 months. Theygo through two different stages in their training. The first stage is when the puppies spend about a year in a specificvolunteer’s household. They learn to abide by some guidelines and are exposed to different people, sounds, situations,places like railway stations, shops, traffic areas as a part of their training. They’re exposed to a fun and unique training.On the second stage, the dogs receive a formal training at a training center by professionals. This training lasts for about5-6 months. The dogs are assessed at regular intervals and continuously monitored for progress.
According to the passage, how often are the guide dogs evaluated on the second stage of the training?
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正確答案：(A) 解析：文章末段指出，在第二階段訓練中，導盲犬會由專業人員定期評估，並持續監控其進步情形。原文使用「The dogs are assessed at regular intervals and continuously monitored for progress.」其中「continuously monitored」表示持續不斷地監控，與選項(A)「Constantly」意思相符。本題為英文閱讀理解，不涉及法規。 各選項：
(A) 正確，Constantly 對應原文 continuously monitored，表示持續評估。
(B) 錯誤，Sporadically 指偶發、零星的，與原文持續監控不符。
(C) 錯誤，Casually 指隨意、非正式的，與原文定期且持續的評估不符。
(D) 錯誤，Occasionally 指偶爾，與原文持續監控不符。 出處：英文閱讀理解—導盲犬訓練 難度：易
Most food staples are inexpensive, plant-based foods, usually full of calories for energy. There are more than 50,000edible plants in the world, but just 15 of them provide 90 percent of the world’s food energy intake. Rice, corn, and wheatmake up two-thirds of this. Food staples traditionally depend on what plants are native to a region.Rice is a food staple for more than 3.5 billion people around the world, particularly in Asia, Latin America, andparts of Africa. Rice has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years. Scientists believe people first domesticated ricein India or Southeast Asia. Rice arrived in Japan in about 3,000 years ago. The Portuguese most likely introduced it intoSouth America in the 16th century. Today, the world’s largest rice producers are China, India, and Indonesia. Outside ofAsia, Brazil is the largest rice producer.Corn is native to Central America, where it was domesticated by the Aztecs and Mayans. The United States is theworld’s largest corn grower, producing more than 40 percent of the world’s corn. Corn is often used to produce corn oil,sweeteners such as corn syrup, and cornstarch, which is used as a sweetener and thickening agent in home cooking. Also,alcohol from fermented corn is the source of bourbon whiskey.Wheat was first domesticated in the Middle East. Wheat grows well in temperate climates, even those with a short growingseason. Today, China, India, the United States, Russia, and France are among the largest wheat producers in the world. Themajority of breads are made with wheat flour. Wheat flour is also used in pasta, pastries, crackers, breakfast cereals, and noodles.In addition to cereal grains, roots, and tubers are common food staples, particularly in tropical regions. Yams are animportant food in the rainforests of West Africa. Potatoes are native to the cold climate of the Andes Mountains. Theywere introduced to Europe by explorers of the 16th century and are now a food staple in Europe and parts of the Americas.
Which of the following is closet in meaning to the word “temperate” in the passage？
A recent study from Brazil finds a connection between vegetarianism and mental health issues. The study,in which 14,216 people between 35 to 74 years old were surveyed, shows that individuals following vegetariandiets are more41to depression. In fact, those who don’t eat meat are twice more likely to have a depressiveepisode than meat consumers.While there is evidence42to a lack of meat consumption causing more mental health issues, there aresome conflicting studies that find no correlation between vegetarian diets and mood effects. According to thesestudies, it might be too straightforward to43that the former is causing the latter via nutritional deficiency. Ahealthy diet goes44identifying as a vegetarian or non-vegetarian. There are other45not examined butare plausibly linked to both vegetarianism and depression. One thing for sure is that a balanced intake accompaniedby regular exercise is essential in maintaining physical and mental health.
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正確答案：(A) 解析：空格所在句為「it might be too straightforward to ___ that the former is causing the latter via nutritional deficiency」，語意上表示「直接假定前者（素食）透過營養缺乏導致後者（憂鬱）可能過於簡化」。assume 意為「假定、認為」，最符合上下文。本題為英文閱讀測驗，無涉法律條文。 各選項：
(A) assume 意為「假定」，符合句意，正確。
(B) perform 意為「執行、表現」，語意不通。
(C) execute 意為「執行、實施」，語意不通。
(D) transform 意為「轉變」，語意不通。 出處：英文閱讀測驗—上下文語意判斷 難度：易
Guide dogs are service or assistance dogs trained specifically to help people with a visual impairment navigatearound. Apart from helping people navigate, they are a companion and provide a sense of freedom to the visuallyimpaired. We all might have seen a guide dog with a person, but do we know how they help the visually impaired personor handler? Do we know the intensity of training and what it takes to be a guide dog? Here are a couple of things youprobably didn’t know about guide dogs.First, not every dog is cut out to be a guide dog. They are carefully chosen for breeding with the sole purpose totrain them to be a guide dog. Most of the guide dogs originate from a carefully planned breeding program. Enormousfocus is given to the physical health and characteristics like intelligence, good temperament, stability and willingness towork. It is a known fact that when puppies are screened, only about 70% make the cut.In addition, the training period for a guide dog from the time of its birth is anywhere between 15-18 months. Theygo through two different stages in their training. The first stage is when the puppies spend about a year in a specificvolunteer’s household. They learn to abide by some guidelines and are exposed to different people, sounds, situations,places like railway stations, shops, traffic areas as a part of their training. They’re exposed to a fun and unique training.On the second stage, the dogs receive a formal training at a training center by professionals. This training lasts for about5-6 months. The dogs are assessed at regular intervals and continuously monitored for progress.
According to the passage, which of the following best describes the nature of the first-stage training?
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正確答案：(A) 解析：文章描述第一階段訓練時提到，幼犬在志工家中接受約一年的訓練，接觸不同的人、聲音、情境與場所，並指出「They’re exposed to a fun and unique training」，其中 unique 與 exceptional（獨特、特殊的）意思相近，故(A)最能描述此階段訓練的性質。本題為英文閱讀測驗，不涉及法規。 各選項：
(A) 正確，exceptional 與文中 unique 意思相近，指訓練獨特而特殊。
(B) 錯誤，incredulous 意為「難以置信的、懷疑的」，與文意不符。
(C) 錯誤，apprehensive 意為「憂慮的、恐懼的」，與文意不符。
(D) 錯誤，malicious 意為「惡意的」，與文意不符。 出處：英文閱讀測驗—字彙與文意理解 難度：易
A recent study from Brazil finds a connection between vegetarianism and mental health issues. The study,in which 14,216 people between 35 to 74 years old were surveyed, shows that individuals following vegetariandiets are more41to depression. In fact, those who don’t eat meat are twice more likely to have a depressiveepisode than meat consumers.While there is evidence42to a lack of meat consumption causing more mental health issues, there aresome conflicting studies that find no correlation between vegetarian diets and mood effects. According to thesestudies, it might be too straightforward to43that the former is causing the latter via nutritional deficiency. Ahealthy diet goes44identifying as a vegetarian or non-vegetarian. There are other45not examined butare plausibly linked to both vegetarianism and depression. One thing for sure is that a balanced intake accompaniedby regular exercise is essential in maintaining physical and mental health.
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正確答案：(C) 解析：空格前後文為「individuals following vegetarian diets are more ___ to depression」，語意上應表示「更容易受到憂鬱影響」。susceptible to 為固定搭配，意為「易受……影響的」，符合文意。本題為英文克漏字，不涉及法規。 各選項：
(A) attainable 意為「可達成的」，與 to depression 搭配語意不通。
(B) conceivable 意為「可想像的」，與 to depression 搭配語意不通。
(C) susceptible to 表示「易受……影響的」，符合「素食者更容易憂鬱」的語意。
(D) tangible 意為「有形的、具體的」，與 to depression 搭配語意不通。 出處：英文克漏字—詞彙搭配與上下文判斷 難度：易
Guide dogs are service or assistance dogs trained specifically to help people with a visual impairment navigatearound. Apart from helping people navigate, they are a companion and provide a sense of freedom to the visuallyimpaired. We all might have seen a guide dog with a person, but do we know how they help the visually impaired personor handler? Do we know the intensity of training and what it takes to be a guide dog? Here are a couple of things youprobably didn’t know about guide dogs.First, not every dog is cut out to be a guide dog. They are carefully chosen for breeding with the sole purpose totrain them to be a guide dog. Most of the guide dogs originate from a carefully planned breeding program. Enormousfocus is given to the physical health and characteristics like intelligence, good temperament, stability and willingness towork. It is a known fact that when puppies are screened, only about 70% make the cut.In addition, the training period for a guide dog from the time of its birth is anywhere between 15-18 months. Theygo through two different stages in their training. The first stage is when the puppies spend about a year in a specificvolunteer’s household. They learn to abide by some guidelines and are exposed to different people, sounds, situations,places like railway stations, shops, traffic areas as a part of their training. They’re exposed to a fun and unique training.On the second stage, the dogs receive a formal training at a training center by professionals. This training lasts for about5-6 months. The dogs are assessed at regular intervals and continuously monitored for progress.
Which of the following can best describe the tone of this passage?
Most food staples are inexpensive, plant-based foods, usually full of calories for energy. There are more than 50,000edible plants in the world, but just 15 of them provide 90 percent of the world’s food energy intake. Rice, corn, and wheatmake up two-thirds of this. Food staples traditionally depend on what plants are native to a region.Rice is a food staple for more than 3.5 billion people around the world, particularly in Asia, Latin America, andparts of Africa. Rice has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years. Scientists believe people first domesticated ricein India or Southeast Asia. Rice arrived in Japan in about 3,000 years ago. The Portuguese most likely introduced it intoSouth America in the 16th century. Today, the world’s largest rice producers are China, India, and Indonesia. Outside ofAsia, Brazil is the largest rice producer.Corn is native to Central America, where it was domesticated by the Aztecs and Mayans. The United States is theworld’s largest corn grower, producing more than 40 percent of the world’s corn. Corn is often used to produce corn oil,sweeteners such as corn syrup, and cornstarch, which is used as a sweetener and thickening agent in home cooking. Also,alcohol from fermented corn is the source of bourbon whiskey.Wheat was first domesticated in the Middle East. Wheat grows well in temperate climates, even those with a short growingseason. Today, China, India, the United States, Russia, and France are among the largest wheat producers in the world. Themajority of breads are made with wheat flour. Wheat flour is also used in pasta, pastries, crackers, breakfast cereals, and noodles.In addition to cereal grains, roots, and tubers are common food staples, particularly in tropical regions. Yams are animportant food in the rainforests of West Africa. Potatoes are native to the cold climate of the Andes Mountains. Theywere introduced to Europe by explorers of the 16th century and are now a food staple in Europe and parts of the Americas.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true？
A recent study from Brazil finds a connection between vegetarianism and mental health issues. The study,in which 14,216 people between 35 to 74 years old were surveyed, shows that individuals following vegetariandiets are more41to depression. In fact, those who don’t eat meat are twice more likely to have a depressiveepisode than meat consumers.While there is evidence42to a lack of meat consumption causing more mental health issues, there aresome conflicting studies that find no correlation between vegetarian diets and mood effects. According to thesestudies, it might be too straightforward to43that the former is causing the latter via nutritional deficiency. Ahealthy diet goes44identifying as a vegetarian or non-vegetarian. There are other45not examined butare plausibly linked to both vegetarianism and depression. One thing for sure is that a balanced intake accompaniedby regular exercise is essential in maintaining physical and mental health.
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正確答案：(D) 解析：空格前為「There is evidence」，後接「to a lack of meat consumption causing more mental health issues」，此處需要現在分詞「pointing」構成「evidence pointing to...」，表示「指向……的證據」。本題為英文文法測驗，不涉及法規。 各選項：
(A) point 為原形動詞或名詞，無法直接修飾 evidence。
(B) points 為第三人稱單數動詞或名詞複數，文法上不適合。
(C) pointed 為過去分詞，語意偏向「被指向」，與句意不合。
(D) pointing 為現在分詞，正確修飾 evidence，表示主動指向。 出處：英文文法—分詞修飾語 難度：易
A recent study from Brazil finds a connection between vegetarianism and mental health issues. The study,in which 14,216 people between 35 to 74 years old were surveyed, shows that individuals following vegetariandiets are more41to depression. In fact, those who don’t eat meat are twice more likely to have a depressiveepisode than meat consumers.While there is evidence42to a lack of meat consumption causing more mental health issues, there aresome conflicting studies that find no correlation between vegetarian diets and mood effects. According to thesestudies, it might be too straightforward to43that the former is causing the latter via nutritional deficiency. Ahealthy diet goes44identifying as a vegetarian or non-vegetarian. There are other45not examined butare plausibly linked to both vegetarianism and depression. One thing for sure is that a balanced intake accompaniedby regular exercise is essential in maintaining physical and mental health.
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正確答案：(C) 解析：空格所在句為「There are other 45 not examined but are plausibly linked to both vegetarianism and depression.」，語意上應填入「變數、因素」，表示還有其他未檢驗但可能同時與素食主義和憂鬱症相關的因素。選項中 variables 最符合文意。本題為英文閱讀測驗，不涉及法規。 各選項：
(A) propaganda 意為「宣傳」，與前後文「其他未檢驗但可能相關的……」語意不符。
(B) formations 意為「形成、結構」，無法合理搭配「未檢驗但可能相關」的語境。
(C) variables 意為「變數、因素」，符合「其他未檢驗但可能相關的因素」之文意，正確。
(D) brochures 意為「手冊、小冊子」，與研究變項或因素無關。 出處：英文閱讀測驗—上下文語意判斷 難度：易
Most food staples are inexpensive, plant-based foods, usually full of calories for energy. There are more than 50,000edible plants in the world, but just 15 of them provide 90 percent of the world’s food energy intake. Rice, corn, and wheatmake up two-thirds of this. Food staples traditionally depend on what plants are native to a region.Rice is a food staple for more than 3.5 billion people around the world, particularly in Asia, Latin America, andparts of Africa. Rice has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years. Scientists believe people first domesticated ricein India or Southeast Asia. Rice arrived in Japan in about 3,000 years ago. The Portuguese most likely introduced it intoSouth America in the 16th century. Today, the world’s largest rice producers are China, India, and Indonesia. Outside ofAsia, Brazil is the largest rice producer.Corn is native to Central America, where it was domesticated by the Aztecs and Mayans. The United States is theworld’s largest corn grower, producing more than 40 percent of the world’s corn. Corn is often used to produce corn oil,sweeteners such as corn syrup, and cornstarch, which is used as a sweetener and thickening agent in home cooking. Also,alcohol from fermented corn is the source of bourbon whiskey.Wheat was first domesticated in the Middle East. Wheat grows well in temperate climates, even those with a short growingseason. Today, China, India, the United States, Russia, and France are among the largest wheat producers in the world. Themajority of breads are made with wheat flour. Wheat flour is also used in pasta, pastries, crackers, breakfast cereals, and noodles.In addition to cereal grains, roots, and tubers are common food staples, particularly in tropical regions. Yams are animportant food in the rainforests of West Africa. Potatoes are native to the cold climate of the Andes Mountains. Theywere introduced to Europe by explorers of the 16th century and are now a food staple in Europe and parts of the Americas.
Which of the following is most likely to be the source of this passage？
Most food staples are inexpensive, plant-based foods, usually full of calories for energy. There are more than 50,000edible plants in the world, but just 15 of them provide 90 percent of the world’s food energy intake. Rice, corn, and wheatmake up two-thirds of this. Food staples traditionally depend on what plants are native to a region.Rice is a food staple for more than 3.5 billion people around the world, particularly in Asia, Latin America, andparts of Africa. Rice has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years. Scientists believe people first domesticated ricein India or Southeast Asia. Rice arrived in Japan in about 3,000 years ago. The Portuguese most likely introduced it intoSouth America in the 16th century. Today, the world’s largest rice producers are China, India, and Indonesia. Outside ofAsia, Brazil is the largest rice producer.Corn is native to Central America, where it was domesticated by the Aztecs and Mayans. The United States is theworld’s largest corn grower, producing more than 40 percent of the world’s corn. Corn is often used to produce corn oil,sweeteners such as corn syrup, and cornstarch, which is used as a sweetener and thickening agent in home cooking. Also,alcohol from fermented corn is the source of bourbon whiskey.Wheat was first domesticated in the Middle East. Wheat grows well in temperate climates, even those with a short growingseason. Today, China, India, the United States, Russia, and France are among the largest wheat producers in the world. Themajority of breads are made with wheat flour. Wheat flour is also used in pasta, pastries, crackers, breakfast cereals, and noodles.In addition to cereal grains, roots, and tubers are common food staples, particularly in tropical regions. Yams are animportant food in the rainforests of West Africa. Potatoes are native to the cold climate of the Andes Mountains. Theywere introduced to Europe by explorers of the 16th century and are now a food staple in Europe and parts of the Americas.
According to the passage, which of the following best describes the role a food staple plays in human society？