申論 1請闡明下列名詞之意涵（可用中文或英文作答）：（每小題5 分，共30 分）㈠ Sheer㈡ Free-surface Effect㈢ Running Fix㈣ Loxodrome㈤ Dredging of Anchor㈥ World Geodetic System
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申論 2英譯中：（20 分）Maritime transport is the backbone of world trade and globalization. Twenty-four hours aday and all year round, ships carry cargoes to all corners of the globe. This role willcontinue to grow with the anticipated increase in world trade in the years to come asmillions of people are expected to be lifted out of poverty through improved access tobasic materials, goods and products.
申論 3中譯英：（每小題10 分，共20 分）㈠在船上進行風險分析，並減少以下場域－－所有居住艙室、娛樂和膳食服務設施、機艙和其他機器處所－－的噪音水準是必要的。㈡在確定國家標準時，各成員國應考慮到海員疲勞帶來的危險，特別是那些職責涉及到航行安全、船舶安全、保安操作的海員。
申論 4申論題（請用英文作答）：（30 分）What are the functions of ballast water in ships？ Please describe them and discuss meritsand disadvantages of ballast water in ships for ocean transportation.