申論 1英譯中：請將下段英文譯成正確、流暢的中文（20 分）Governments, particularly in large democracies, often suffer from institutionalinertia, fragmented communication, and overlapping responsibilities. Acentralized efficiency department could systematically audit agencies,implement data-driven reforms, and introduce digital tools to reducepaperwork and improve service delivery. By fostering interdepartmentalcoordination and leveraging artificial intelligence, this department couldhelp ensure that taxpayer money is utilized optimally.
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申論 2中譯英：請將下段中文譯成正確、流暢的英文（20 分）波音公司曾是美國航空工程的典範，但近年卻成為企業管理失當與監管鬆散風險的代表。這場危機始於兩起致命的737 MAX 空難――分別發生於2018 年的印尼與2019 年的衣索比亞，共造成346 人喪生。調查指出，肇事原因主要來自一套有缺陷的自動飛行控制系統（MCAS），更令人震驚的是，波音未能適當向飛行員與監管機構揭露該系統的風險。後續調查揭露，波音內部的企業文化過度強調產品快速上市與股東利益，犧牲了工程品質與安全標準。更嚴重的是，美國聯邦航空總署（FAA）在飛機審核過程中竟大幅依賴波音自行認證，引發外界對監管機構是否受到業界壓力、喪失獨立性的深切質疑。
申論 3應用文寫作：請依提示寫一封英文電子郵件（120～150 字）（20 分）根據OpenAI 資料，韓國是僅次於美國、擁有最多ChatGPT 付費用戶的國家。OpenAI 表示，因應韓國市場對ChatGPT 服務的需求大幅成長，該公司將在首爾設立首間辦公室，並已在韓國設立在地法人。請寫一封英文信邀請OpenAI 公司於明年也在臺灣設立辦公室。
申論 4英文作文：請根據說明寫一篇約300 字的英文作文（40 分）Background:In many developed and developing countries, life expectancy is increasingwhile birth rates are declining. This demographic shift means a growingpercentage of the population is over the age of 65, while the working-agepopulation is shrinking. As a result, fewer workers are supporting moreretirees through taxes, pensions, and healthcare systems.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Governments shouldraise the retirement age to address the economic challenges of an agingpopulation. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.