申論 1For each of the following, briefly describe in English what you know about theperson, concept, country, or device. （每小題5分，共30分）㈠Elon Musk㈡Papua New Guinea㈢3D printing㈣Volodymyr Zelenskyy㈤ozone layer㈥hurricane
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申論 2中譯英：（35分）根據聯合國數據，印度剛剛超越了中國，成為世界上人口最多的國家。許多人在問的一個問題就是：印度是否有可能超越中國，進而成為世界超級大國呢？在經濟規模、地緣政治影響力與軍力三個方面，中國仍然採領先地位，但專家們認為，這一格局正在改變。2001年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主認為，印度的時代已然來臨。他告訴BBC：「印度終將能與中國匹配。中國經濟會放慢，但印度不會。」但儘管有著很大的潛力，印度也面臨了許多挑戰。中國是世界第二大經濟體，而印度僅排名第五。印度中產階層規模相對較小，需要下重本投資教育、提升生活水凖、實現性別均等和經濟改革，方有可能實現「中國式」的爆發增長。要當世界超級大國，光靠人口和經濟還不夠格，還要看地緣政治與軍事力量，印度在這些方面還望塵莫及。
申論 3英譯中：（35分）Capital punishment (death penalty) is the premeditated and planned takingof a human life by a government in response to a crime committed by thatlegally convicted person. In the past, capital punishment has been practiced bymost societies, although currently only 58 nations actively practice it, with 96countries having abolished it. Although many nations have abolished capitalpunishment, over 60% of the world’s population lives in countries whereexecutions take place. This is because the People’s Republic of China, India,the United States of America, and Indonesia, which are the four most populouscountries in the world, continue to apply the death penalty.Many believe that the death penalty should be abolished for severalreasons. Firstly, the death penalty is very expensive to maintain. Most peopledo not realize that carrying out one death sentence costs 2-5 times more thankeeping that same criminal in prison for the rest of his or her life. This expensecomes as a result of the seemingly endless appeals, additional requiredprocedures, and legal wrangling involved in the judicial process. Secondly, thedeath penalty clogs up the court system. The U.S. court system goes toenormous lengths before allowing a death sentence to be carried out. All thenecessary appeals, motions, hearings, and briefs monopolize much of the timeof judges, attorneys, and other court employees as well as use up courtroomsand facilities. Third, the death penalty is an ineffective deterrent to violentcrime. Life in prison is a far more effective deterrent than the death penalty,which, in some cases, actually represents an act of clemency for the criminal.With a death sentence, the suffering is over in an instant. With life in prison,however, the pain goes on for decades. Prisoners are confined to a cage, livingin an environment of rape and violence where they are treated as animals.